Correlation analysis as a crucial part of statistical hypothesis testing

For the past week or so I have been researching hypothesis testing. During this time I have picked up a few things about the different mechanisms that form a part of hypothesis testing, such as A/B testing and regression analysis. A little known fact, however, is that correlation analysis also forms a part of hypothesis testing.

Correlation analysis is considered to be a part of hypothesis testing because it involves making inferences about the relationships between variables based on sample data.

There are three types of correlation analysis, being:-

1. Pearson’s correlation coefficient
2. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient
3. Kendall’s tau correlation coefficient

The hypotheses within correlation analysis are:-

1. The null hypothesis (H0) indicates the correlation coefficient is zero and there is no correlation between the variables.
2. The alternate hypothesis (Ha) indicates the correlation coefficient is not zero and there is a significant correlation between the variables.

The key elements of correlation analysis within the context of hypothesis testing are:-

1. Formulate the null hypothesis and…