Statistics interview question: What are descriptive measures of association?

Although I have been studying statistics for a few years now, I have only just today hear the term descriptive measures of association used. I thought it would be a good idea, therefore, to write about this term as it relates to statistics.

Descriptive measures of association are statistical tools used to quantify the strength and direction of relationships between two or more variables. These measures help us to understand how variables are related and whether changes in one variable are associated with changes in another.

Some common descriptive measures of association are:-

1. Pearson’s correlation coefficient
2. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient
3. Kendall’s tau
4. Chi squared test of independence
5. Cramer’s V

Correlation is a bivariate analysis that measures the strength of association between two variables and the direction of the relationship. In terms of the strength of the relationship, the value of the correlation coefficient varies between +1 and -1. A value of +1 or -1 indicates a perfect degree of association between the two variables. As the correlation coefficient approaches 0, the relationship between the two variables will be…